FORESTRY DIVISION

 

Zimbabwe Eastern Highlands’s favorable growing conditions and the company's internationally acclaimed forest practices have resulted in some of the highest quality, sustainablly managed plantation forests in the world. All plantations are sustainablly managed over a 22 and 20 year rotation pine and eucalyptus respectively. The silvicultural and pruning regimes have been adopted such as to achieve a high percentage of clear timber.

Border Timbers owns and manages five plantations namely Charter, Sawerombi, Sheba, Imbeza and Tilbury. Of the 48000 hectares of land, approximately 28000 hectares is under plantation and the remaining 20000 hectares are reserved for open area management (conservation, river & streams, heritage sites, roads and access routes). Road establishment and maintenance are carried out within strict parameters to minimize the impact on the environment, ensure adequate levels of drainage and maximize the aesthetics of the planted area.  

Of the 28000 hectares of plantable area, 82% is management for softwood production (namely Pinus patula, Pinus elliotii, Pinus taeda, and Pinus kesiya). New and improved pinus species have been  introduced and these include P. gregaii, P. oocarpa, P. tecunomanii, P. maximinoi. The balance of 17% is primarily Eucalyptus grandis and E. cloeziana on both a sawlog and pole rotation.

 

Silvicultural Practices

Border Timbers Limited procures its seedlings for planting in its nurseries using high quality seed obtained from the Zimbabwe Forestry Commission Research  Centre.

Silvicultural operations focuses on the establishment and maintenance of both pine and eucalyptus plantations.  In establishing the plantations, care is taken to match plant species with the site characteristics in order to provide the best possible yield and quality and reduce the risk of pathogens. The silvicultural practices employed in maintaining, thinning and pruning the trees are done with a primary purpose of maximizing the yield of clear and tight knot timber. To maximize the yield of clear and tight knot timber, the trees are pruned four times over 10 years at heights of 1.5m, 3m, 5m and 7m. To achieve incremental volume a regime of three thinning operations are executed at 7, 11 & 16 years.

Weed type and infestation levels determine the method of weed control. Manual, mechanical and chemical control methods are commonly used. Manual weeding involves both spot clearing and row cleaning using hoes. Mechanical weeding is achieved through the use of brushcutters. Chemical weeding using environmentally acceptable herbicides is also practiced to achieve effective control of problem weeds.

 

Protection

Border Timbers clearly regards fire as the major threat to the company’s plantations. The company constantly reviews its fire protection plans to minimize potential fire damage losses.

Baboon damage to plantations has been on the increase over the last 10 years. This has resulted in high tree mortality and significantly reduced log recoveries per hectare. Several control methods to reduce the damage are currently under trial at both company and industry level in Zimbabwe. Borders Timbers continues to participate in Baboon control research with other Southern African Countries.

Harvesting Operations

Sawlogs harvesting takes place on a rotational period of 22 years for pine and 20 years for eucalyptus. Eucalyptus poles rotation ranges from 3 to 15 years. The composition of the volume harvested is as follows:

  1. Sawlogs                             86%
  2. Veneer/Slicer logs               5%
  3. Eucalyptus poles                  9%

 

Harvesting operations are carried out in a manner that minimizes environmental damage.